Thursday, February 2, 2017

Tentative Answer: Rousseau's Influence on the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

Many of the sentiments conveyed in the "Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen" strongly reminded me of Rousseau's writings on the Social Contract. In particular, Rousseau describes at length the constitution of the General Will of society, which we also discussed at length in class. While Rousseau may have alluded to a city-state type societal structure in his writings on the Social Contract, the idea that society should flow in the direction of the common good or will is heavily suggested in the Declaration. It reads, “The law is an expression of the will of the community. All citizens have a right to concur, either personally, or by their representatives, in its formation. It should be the same to all, whether it protects or punishes; and all being equal in its sight, are equally eligible to all honours, places, and employments, according to their different abilities, without any other distinction than that created by their virtues and talents”. Here, the National Assembly of France makes it clear that law should be created and enforced based on the conclusions and ideas of the entire state, which is strikingly similar to what Rousseau described in his writings on the Social Contract. That being said, the National Assembly’s statement that “all citizens have a right to concur, either personally, or by their representatives” diverges from Rousseau’s words. I believe that Rousseau envisioned a city-state societal structure that did not allow for the complications of representative democracy, and I do not believe that the General Will could exist as he defined it in a state with representative democracy. Of course, France is (and was) too large of a nation to truly follow Rousseau’s ideas. The idea that all “men are born, and always continue, free and equal” also alludes to Rousseau’s writings. This is not surprising seeing as Rousseau published his writings on the Social Contract right before the Declaration was written.

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