Monday, December 26, 2016

Study Questions for Marx – History and Politics

1. How is ‘class consciousness’ created and what political role does it have? What is the difference between ‘workers’ and ‘the proletariat’?

2. Inequality is, in Marx, something to overcome, hence the vision of a classless society. But in the short run, inequality, and even worsening inequality, is seen as necessary to progress. How can that be?

3. The Marxian concept of history is that it is driven by conflict between classes. What is the conflict that emerges in capitalism? Explain how the concepts  of the labor theory of value and surplus value are used to show the necessary but ultimately destructive driving forces of capitalism.

4. Louis Bonaparte was a popular leader with a strong basis of support in the peasantry. Why doesn’t Marx see this as a step towards Communism?

5. Marx’s claim to ‘scientific socialism’ might be said to rest on the development of a broad theory, from empirical evidence that can be used to deduce (predict) particular results (a la Huygens). Evaluate the claim.

Application 1:  How does the vision of political action promoted by Marx contrast or resonate with that of modern US political parties? Sometimes Democrats are accused of being ‘socialist’, but in some ways, the Republicans since Ronald Reagan are more the type of party that Marx had in mind. Or some could argue that Trump is more ”Marxist’. Explain what this might mean.


Application 2:  Marx thought revolution was inevitable. Is that idea shared by any movement today?

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